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Abstract
Study of Gynostema pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino Planted from Tissue Culture: Quality Control
and Its In Vitro Activity on Human Lymphocytes
Naruemol Mongkolchaipak*, Thidarat Boonrod*, Pabhawadee Sushantabutr*, Somjit Niumsakul*, Pranee
Chavalittumrong*, Kalaya Anulakanapakorn*, Busarawan Sriwatana †
†
*Medicinal Plant Research Institute, Health Science Research Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry
of Public Health, Nonthaburi
Plantlets of Gynostema pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino from tissue cultures aged 1-2 months grown in a
nursery were transferred to Rai Khrang Dong, Kao Ko, in Petchaboon Province. Soil and water samples from
the selected field for the plantlets to grow were analyzed by the Department of Land Development, Ministry of
Agriculture and Cooperatives. The quality of the land was improved based on the analytical results. The
fresh upper parts of the plantlets were collected twice for analysis of total saponins, i.e., at 3 months old before
flowering and at 4.5 months old, which was the harvesting period when the plants flowered but bore no fruits.
Sgd g‘qudrsdc eqdrg ok‘msr vdhfgdc 220 jf- @esdq v‘rghmf ‘mc cqxhmf hm sgd nudm ‘s ‘ants 44¨B + sgd cqhdc
plants weighed 38.4 kg, giving a percentage yield of 11.6. The output was about 1,334 kg/rai of fresh plants, or
153.6 kg/rai of dried plants. The total saponins of the 3 and 4.5-month-old plants were 7.11 percent and 9.00
percent, respectively, while the standard specification of this plant states that total saponins in the crude drug
should be not less than 8 percent. Ginsenoside Rb1 was detected by thin layer chromatography (TLC) as
compared with standard Ginsenoside Rb1. Analysis of powdered crude drug showed no insecticide contami-
nation, while lead, cadmium and arsenic levels were within limits. Powered crude drug did not pass the test for
microbial contamination, while the water extract met the requirements. In vitro study in human peripheral
blood mononuclear cells showed that Gynostemma pentaphyllum aqueous extract at the concentrations of 1, 5,
10 and 100 μμ μμ μg/ml could stimulate lymphocyte proliferation.
Key words: Gynostemma pentaphyllum, quality control, lymphocyte proliferation