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J Thai Trad Alt Med Vol. 18 No. 2 May-Aug 2020 267

Table 3 Antimicrobial activity of T. quetrum extracts presented by disc diffusion assay

Clear zone (mm) ± SD
Microbial species T. triquetrum extracts Positive controls

95EtOH 50EtOH Water Hex DA AMP AmB
S. aureus 9.00 ± 1.34 10.00 ± 0.22 12.00 ± 0.89 ND 25.00 ± 1.77 33.00 ± 3.89 ND
E. coli 12.00 ± 2.67 12.00 ± 1.56 15.00 ± 3.44 ND ND 24.00 ± 1.56 ND
C. albicans ND ND ND 6.00 ± ND ND 15.00 ±
1.29 3.12
P. aeruginosa 16.00 ± 2.33 15.00 ± 0.22 16.00 ± 1.89 ND 25.00 33.00 ± 4.55 ND

Note: 95EtOH: 95% ethanol, 50EtOH: 50% ethanol, Hex: Hexane, DA: Clindamycin, AMP: Ampicillin, AmB: Amphotericin-B,
ND: Not detected

Table 4 Antimicrobial activity of T. triquetrum extracts presented by minimal inhibiting concentration (MIC)

MIC (mg/mL)

Microbial species T. triquetrum extracts
95EtOH 50EtOH Water Hex

S. aureus 12.50 12.50 6.25 -
E. coli 25.00 12.50 6.25 -
C. albicans - - - 25.00
P. aeruginosa 25.00 25.00 12.50 -

Note: 95EtOH: 95% ethanol, 50EtOH: 50% ethanol, Hex: Hexane

Discussion The water extract of T. triquetrum

T. triquetrum leaves were extracted by showed the most promising result as an in-
solvents possessing different polarities. All hibitor of PDE-5. In our study, T. triquetrum

types of extract did not show any cytotoxic extracted by high polar solvents such as water
effect on human fibroblast cells. Relative cell showed more beneficial effects for PDE-5 inhi-

viability for cells treated with all types of bition than nonpolar extracts such as hexane.
extracts were more than 80% compared with Another study found that T. triquetrum ex-
the control. From these results, we can infer tracted by alcohol inhibited phosphodiesterase

that T. triquetrum extracts may be safe for hu- enzyme activity more than that chloroform
man skin cells at concentrations ranging from extract, which is also a nonpolar solvent. [17]
0.20–100.00 mg/mL. Our result correlates with the traditional Thai
[15]