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Antifungal Activity of Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz Extracts Against
Dermatophytes
†
,‡
Patamaporn Pruksakorn* , Chattraporn Jaima*, Parnuphan Panyajai*, Nanthawan Mekha ,
†
Rinrapas Autthateinchai , Panadda Dhepakson*
*Medical Life Science Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
†
National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
‡
Corresponding author: patamaporn.p@dmsc.mail.go.th

Abstract
Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz (thongphanchang in Thai) has been used in Thai traditional medicine
for the treatment of skin diseases and eczema. This plant exhibits the potent antifungal activity against
dermatophytes. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of R. nasutus extracts from various
parts of the plant and determine the quantity of active substances for developing the extraction method to
furnish the antifungal-rich extract. The dried leaves, stems and roots of R. nasutus were extracted with ethanol
by maceration and ultrasonic-assisted extraction. The extracts were tested for their antifungal activity using
three dermatophytes (Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Microsporum gypseum) by
broth microdilution method. Each extract was used for HPLC fingerprint analysis. The root extract showed
the most potent antifungal activity against the tested dermatophyte species. Purification and structure elucida-
tion revealed that the active substances are rhinacanthins B, C, N, and Q. In addition, the ethanolic extract
of dried root that was further separated with ethyl acetate afforded a rhinacanthins-rich extract. This extract
exhibited excellent antifungal activity, comparable to rhinacanthin C (a major active substance). Therefore,
this extraction method might be suitable for preparing a R. nasutus root extract in order to develop antifungal
herbal formulations.

Key words: Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz, antifungal, dermatophytes, rhinacanthins

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