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lateral epicondyle to the annular ligament of on the posterior border of the sternocleido-

radius and when dissected at the RCL, the mastoid muscle and related to the occipital
humeroradial ligament of the elbow joint was triangle where the cutaneous nerve from the

found in the deepest layer (Table 2). cervical plexus emerges from the posterior
At OSP4 in the volunteers, the medial border of the lower third of the sternocleido-
epicondyle could be palpated at the medial mastoid muscle. After dissecting deeper, the

epicondyle of the humerus. In the cadavers, spinal accessory nerve pierced underneath
OSP4 corresponded to the origin of the hu- the sternocleidomastoid muscle and inner-

meral head of the pronator teres muscle. vated it. Deeper dissection showed that the
Deeper dissection showed the ulnar collat- nerves roots C5-C7 emerging between the
eral ligament (UCL) radiates from the medial scalenus anterior and scalenus medius

epicondyle to the base of the coronoid pro- muscles correspond to SSP2 and SSP3 (Fig-
cess of the ulna. When dissecting at the UCL, ure 14 and Table 2).
the humeroulnar ligament of the elbow joint In the volunteers, the subclavian arte-

was present (Figure 12). rial pulse could be palpated at SSP4. In the
In the volunteers, the fleshy part of the cadavers, SSP4 was located at the platysma
extensor digitorum (ED) muscle could be pal- muscle. When the muscle was dissected at

pated at the point OSP5. This point could be this point, SSP4 corresponded to the subcla-
confirmed by massaging, which led to ex- vian triangle at a location adjacent to the

tension of the middle finger. In the cadavers, superior border of the inferior belly of the
OSP5 was located at the fleshy part of the omohyoid muscle. Deeper dissection showed
ED where the RN ramified to supply the sur- the nerve trunks of the brachial plexus were

rounding muscles. After dissecting deeper, under the inferior belly of the omohyoid
the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) and muscle where the third part of the subcla-

posterior interosseous artery (PIA) emerged vian artery continued into the axilla through
from the distal border of the supinator muscle the outer border of the first rib. This was
(Figure 13 and Table 2). confirmed by pressing at SSP4, which led to

In the volunteers, SSP2 and SSP3 could a decrease in the radial arterial pulse (Table 2).
be palpated at the posterior border of the ster- The axillary arterial pulse could be pal-
nocleidomastoid. In the cadavers, these points pated in the volunteers at SSP5. In the ca-

lined the platysma muscle. When this muscle davers, SSP5 was at the apex of the axillary
was removed, SSP2 and SSP3 were situated fossa where the axillary vessels and the axil-