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             ‡°≥±å¢Õß Oxford Centre for Evidence based Medi-    ‚®√
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             cine (OCEBM) ªï 2009  ‚¥¬ “¡“√∂·¬°ÕÕ°‡ªìπ 3 °√≥’        √«¡‰ª∂÷ß°“√ ◊∫§âπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈„πÕ¥’μ∑’˺à“π¡“∑”‰¥â¬“°
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             √–¥—∫À≈Õ¥∑¥≈Õß·≈– —μ«å∑¥≈Õß ‡™àπ ¡–√ÿ¡             ≈”∫“°„π°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√‡π◊ËÕß®“°μâÕß∑”„π§π Õ¬à“߉√°Áμ“¡
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             ÀÕ¡π«‚°∞                                           Õ¬à“ß ¡‡Àμÿ ¡º≈

                                                                °“√«‘®—¬·≈–æ—≤𓬓®“° ¡ÿπ‰æ√‚¥¬„™â«‘∏’ reverse
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             μ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 √–¥—∫¢ÕßÀ≈—°∞“π (Levels of evidence)
                                                                pharmacology
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               1      Systematic review ¢Õß°“√»÷°…“√Ÿª·∫∫ RCT* ∑’Ë
                                                                ªí®®ÿ∫—π ®–‡√‘Ë¡μâπ®“°°“√§âπÀ“ “√ ”§—≠∑’˧“¥«à“®–ÕÕ°
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                      √Ÿª·∫∫ RCT* ∑’Ë¡’™à«ß§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ (Confidence In-  ƒ∑∏‘χªì𬓠®“°π—Èπ®–π”¡“∑¥≈Õß„πÀâÕߪؑ∫—μ‘°“√ (in vitro)
                      terval) ·§∫                               ‡¡◊ËÕ‰¥âº≈·≈â«®÷ß𔉪»÷°…“μàÕ„π —μ«å∑¥≈Õß (in vivo) °àÕπ
               2      Systematic review ¢Õß°“√»÷°…“·∫∫ cohort ∑’Ë  «à“ª≈Õ¥¿—¬·≈–¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ (2 ¢—ÈπμÕππ’ȇ√’¬° preclinical
                      ·μà≈–°“√»÷°…“„Àâº≈‰ª„π·π«‡¥’¬«°—π / ß“π«‘®—¬
                                                                phase) ®“°π—Èπ®÷ßπ”¡“∑¥≈Õß„π§π (clinical phase) ‡æ◊ËÕ
                      √Ÿª·∫∫ RCT* ∑’Ë¥âÕ¬§ÿ≥¿“æ ·≈–°“√»÷°…“·∫∫
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                      cohort
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               3      Systematic review ¢Õß°“√»÷°…“·∫∫ case-con-
                      trol / ß“π«‘®—¬∑’Ë¡’°“√»÷°…“·∫∫ case-control  ¢π“π (√Ÿª∑’Ë 3)
               4      ß“π«‘®—¬√Ÿª·∫∫ Case-series / °“√»÷°…“·∫∫ co-   ‡¡◊ËÕÀ—π¡“¡Õ߬“®“° ¡ÿπ‰æ√´÷Ë߉¥â¡’°“√π”¡“„™â„π§π
                      hort ·≈– case-control ∑’Ë¥âÕ¬§ÿ≥¿“æ
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               5      §«“¡‡ÀÁπ®“°ºŸâ‡™’ˬ«™“≠ / °“√«‘®—¬„πÀ≈Õ¥∑¥≈Õß
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                      À√◊Õ —μ«å∑¥≈Õß
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              “‡Àμÿ¢Õß‚√§ ·≈–Õ—πμ√“¬®“°°“√„™â
                                                                ‰æ√¡—°®–¡“®“°ÀâÕߪؑ∫—μ‘°“√ (in vitro) ·≈–  —μ«å∑¥≈Õß
             *RCT = Randomized controlled clinical trial
                                                                (in vivo) ¥—ßπ—Èπ‡√“§«√®–∑”°“√«‘®—¬„π≈—°…≥–¬âÕπ°≈—∫ À√◊Õ
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                                                          13    ∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ reverse pharmacology (√Ÿª∑’Ë 4)  °≈à“«§◊Õ »÷°…“
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