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             Journal of Thai Traditional & Alternative Medicine                       Vol. 9 No. 1 January-August  2011  5
              “√∑’ËμâÕß°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå (content of marker substance)   “√ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘Ï∑’Ë —¡æ—π∏å°—∫ƒ∑∏‘Ï∑“ߧ≈‘π‘° (Clinical therapeu-
             ®“°«—μ∂ÿ¥‘∫·≈–¬“®“° ¡ÿπ‰æ√ ·≈â«π”¡“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫ “√  tics) ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥
             ¡“μ√∞“π∑’Ë°”Àπ¥Õ¬Ÿà„π Herbal Pharmacopoeia ¢Õß          ‡ªìπ∑’Ëπà“ —߇°μ«à“¬“®“° ¡ÿπ‰æ√ª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë 1 ·≈– 2
             ª√–‡∑»∑’Ë∑”°“√º≈‘μπ—Èπ Ê «‘∏’°“√π’È¡’¢âÕ¥’§◊Õ “¡“√∂μ√«®  (¬“ ¡ÿπ‰æ√μ”√—∫)  à«π„À≠à®–‡ªìπ¬“μ”√—∫´÷Ëߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬

              Õ∫‰¥â«à“«—μ∂ÿ¥‘∫·≈–¬“®“° ¡ÿπ‰æ√¡’ “√¡“μ√∞“πμ“¡¢âÕ   ¡ÿπ‰æ√À≈“¬™π‘¥ „π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå§ÿ≥¿“æ®÷ߧ«√®–‡≈◊Õ°«‘∏’
             °”Àπ¥„π∑ÿ° Ê √ÿàπ¢Õß°“√º≈‘μ ·μà¡’¢âÕ‡ ’¬§◊Õ∂Ⓣ¡à “¡“√∂  °“√ qualitative method ¡“μ√«® Õ∫„π°√≥’∑’ˉ¡à∑√“∫
             °”Àπ¥À√◊ÕÀ“ “√¡“μ√∞“π¢Õß«—μ∂ÿ¥‘∫À√◊Õ¬“®“° ¡ÿπ‰æ√    “√ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘Ï À√◊Õ∂â“∑√“∫ “√ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘Ï∫“ßμ—«°Á§«√‡≈◊Õ°«‘∏’

             π—Èπ Ê ‰¥â ®–‰¡à “¡“√∂∑”°“√§«∫§ÿ¡§ÿ≥¿“扥â Õ’°∑—Èß®”π«π  °“√«‘‡§√“–Àå∑—Èß 2 √Ÿª·∫∫√à«¡°—π ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ¥Ÿ¬“®“° ¡ÿπ‰æ√
             ¬“∑’Ë„™âÕâ“ßÕ‘ß„π Herbal Pharmacopoeia ¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ °Á  ª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë 3 ·≈– 4 (¬“ ¡ÿπ‰æ√‡¥’ˬ«) æ∫«à“§«√‡≈◊Õ°„™â«‘∏’

             ¡’πâÕ¬¡“°‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫ª√–‡∑»Õ◊Ëπ Ê (μ“√“ß∑’Ë 1)    °“√ quantitative method „π°“√μ√«® Õ∫§ÿ≥¿“æ‡π◊ËÕß
                 πÕ°®“°π’È«—μ∂ÿ¥‘∫·≈–¬“®“° ¡ÿπ‰æ√¡—°¡’ “√ ”§—≠  ®“°∑√“∫ “√ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘Ï·≈–¡—°‡ªìπ ¡ÿπ‰æ√‡¥’ˬ«
             À≈“¬™π‘¥ ·≈–¡’§«“¡´—∫´âÕπ¢Õß “√∑’˪√“°Ø¡“° ∑”„Àâ‰¡à     2. °“√»÷°…“§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬¢Õ߬“·≈–º≈‘μ¿—≥±å®“°

              “¡“√∂∑”°“√°”Àπ¥ “√¡“μ√∞“π®”π«π¡“°‰¥â Õ¬à“ß¡“°°Á    ¡ÿπ‰æ√
             1-4 μ—«‡∑à“π—Èπ ´÷Ëß®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“ “√¡“μ√∞“ππ’ȉ¡à “¡“√∂‡ªìπ  æ∫«à“¡’°“√»÷°…“‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“°„π√–¥—∫À≈Õ¥∑¥≈Õß

             μ—«·∑πª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ·≈–§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬¢Õß«—μ∂ÿ¥‘∫·≈–¬“    (in vitro) ·≈– —μ«å∑¥≈Õß (in vivo) ‚¥¬¡’¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈„π√–¥—∫§≈‘π‘°
             ®“° ¡ÿπ‰æ√π—Èπ Ê ‰¥â∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√º ¡º “π«‘∏’°“√  §àÕπ¢â“ßπâÕ¬ ·≈–®–¡ÿà߇πâπ‰ª∑’Ë 4 ‡√◊ËÕß„À≠à Ê §◊Õ
             chromatographic fingerprint analysis ∑—Èß 2 √Ÿª·∫∫§◊Õ      1. °“√»÷°…“º≈¢â“߇§’¬ß (side effects)

             qualitative method ·≈– quantitative method πà“®–·°â        2. ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“Õ—π‰¡àæ÷ߪ√– ß§å®“°¬“ (adverse drug
             ªí≠À“®“°¢âÕ‡ ’¬¢Õß·μà≈–«‘∏’‰¥â ·≈–§«√∑’Ë®–π”¡“„™â‡ªìπ  reactions)
             universal method ∑’Ë “¡“√∂𔉪„™â ”À√—∫°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå        3. §«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…®“°¬“ (toxicity)

             «—μ∂ÿ¥‘∫·≈–¬“®“° ¡ÿπ‰æ√‰¥â∑ÿ°ª√–‡¿∑ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√           4. ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“√–À«à“ß°—π¢Õ߬“ (drug interaction)
             «‘‡§√“–Àå·∫∫º ¡º “ππ’È®– “¡“√∂§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡°“√ª√–‡¡‘π        μ—«Õ¬à“߇™àπ „∫¢’ȇÀ≈Á° (Cassia siamea leaf) Õ“®∑”„Àâ
                                                                ‡°‘¥§«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…μàÕμ—∫‰¥â∂â“°‘π„π¢π“¥ Ÿß À√◊Õ√à«¡°—∫°“√
                                                                                7
             μ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 ®”π«π¢Õß ¡ÿπ‰æ√„π Pharmacopoeia (√«¡ Mono-  °‘𬓠paracetamol , πÈ”≈Ÿ°¬Õ (Morinda citrifolia juice)
                                                                                           8
                      graph, Materia medica, Compendium) ¢Õߪ√–‡∑»/  Õ“®∑”„À⇰‘¥¿“«– hyperkalemia , øÑ“∑–≈“¬‚®√ (Andro-
                      Õߧå°√μà“ß Ê                                                                            9
                                                                graphis paniculata) Õ“®∑”„À⇰‘¥Õ“°“√·¢π¢“ÕàÕπ·√߉¥â ,
              ª√–‡∑» / Õߧå°√ (æ.».∑’Ëæ‘¡æå)  ®”π«π ¡ÿπ‰æ√       “√ °—¥·ªÖ–°Á«¬ À√◊Õ°√–‡∑’¬¡ ‡¡◊ËÕ°‘π√à«¡°—∫¬“ aspirin
                                                                                                  10,11
              ®’π (2549)                         >1,600         Õ“®∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡‡ ’ˬ߇≈◊Õ¥ÕÕ°ßà“¬¡“°¢÷Èπ
              Õ‘π‡¥’¬ (2545)                     >600                πÕ°®“°π’ȇ¡◊ËÕ¥Ÿ„π∫—≠™’¬“®“° ¡ÿπ‰æ√·Ààß™“μ‘ ©∫—∫ªï
              ‡¬Õ√¡—ππ’ (2541)                    487           æ.». 2554 ®–æ∫«à“¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¥â“𧫓¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬∑’ˉ¥â®–‡ªìπ¬“
              Õ—ß°ƒ… (2549)                      >317
                                                                ®“° ¡ÿπ‰æ√ª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë 3 ·≈– 4 (¬“ ¡ÿπ‰æ√‡¥’ˬ«) ‡ªìπ à«π
              ¬ÿ‚√ª (2547)                       >184
                                                                „À≠à ¡’¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢Õ߬“®“° ¡ÿπ‰æ√ª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë 1 ·≈– 2 (¬“ ¡ÿπ
              ≠’˪ÿÉπ (2549)                     >121
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              ‡°“À≈’ (2545)                       384
               À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ (2548)                 >28                3. °“√»÷°…“ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ∑“ߧ≈‘π‘°¢Õ߬“·≈–
              Õߧ尓√Õπ“¡—¬‚≈° (2545)              92           º≈‘μ¿—≥±å®“° ¡ÿπ‰æ√
              ¡“‡≈‡´’¬ (2548)                     >20
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