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Journal of Thai Traditional & Alternative Medicine Vol. 8 Nos. 2-3 May-December 2010 ÒÙı
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Abstract
Quality Specification of Kot Khamao (Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC.)
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Nuttapong Wichai*, Sawanee Sathornviriyapong , Jinda Wangboonsakul*, Chayan Picheansoonthon* §
*Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
† Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
§ The Academy of Science, The Royal Institute, Sanam Suea Pa, Khet Dusit, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
“Kot khamao” is the rhizome of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. It is a crude drug that has been used in
Thai traditional medicine since ancient times. The aim of this research was to set up quality specifications for
the crude drug called “kot khamao.” The distinct microscopic characteristics of cross-sections are the sclere-
ids occurring between cork layers. Vascular tissue, phloem and xylem are arranged in the same ray, vessels are
in a group, and arranged as a band. The parenchyma contains crystals of calcium oxalate. An oil cavity and
cleft can be distinguished in the cortex stele and pith. Microscopic examination of the powdered drug shows
cork, parenchyma containing calcium oxalate crystals, sclereids, bordered pitted and reticulated thickened
vessels. The thin-layer chromatogram of dichloromethane extract of kot khamao shows 11 bands due to its
major constituents. Sixteen samples of khot khamao were used for study of its physico-chemical specifications.
The limits for foreign matter, total ash, and acid-insoluble ash content of kot khamao were proposed as being
not more than 6, 7 and 1 percent w/w, respectively. The limits for 95 percent ethanol-soluble extractive and
water-soluble extractive were set as being not less than 35 and 13 percent w/w, respectively. The limits for
moisture were proposed as being not more than 10 percent v/w, whereas the limit for volatile oil was set as
being not less than 1.7 percent v/w. The establishment of standards for kot khamao would help in improving
the quality of Thai herbal products containing this raw material.
Key words: Quality specification, kot khamao, Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC.