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√Ÿª∑’Ë 3 (°) §«“¡·μ°μà“ß√–À«à“ß™π‘¥·≈–‚§√ß √â“ߢÕß efflux pump ¢Õß·∫§∑’‡√’¬·°√¡∫«°·≈–·°√¡≈∫ “¡“√∂
·∫à߉¥â‡ªìπ 5 °≈ÿà¡ §◊Õ (A/E) the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) (B) the small multidrug resistance
family (SMR) (C) ATP-binding cassette family (ABC) (D) resistance-nodulation-division family (RND)
(F) multidrug and toxic compound extrusion family (MATE) ·≈–‚§√ß √â“߇ªÑ“À¡“¬¢Õß “√≈¥°“√
¥◊ÈÕ¬“∑’Ë¡’°≈‰°‡æ‘Ë¡°“√ – ¡¢Õ߬“¿“¬„π‡´≈≈å·∫§∑’‡√’¬ (¢)

NorM ¢Õß·∫§∑’‡√’¬°≈ÿà¡ Neisseria gonorrhoeae, ‰¥âÀ≈“°À≈“¬™π‘¥ ®÷ß∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡æ¬“¬“¡„π

N. meningitidis ·≈– Vibrio parahaemolyticus °“√À¬ÿ¥°√–∫«π°“√¢π àßÕÕ°¢Õß MDRp ‡æ◊ËÕ
´÷Ë߇ªì𠓇Àμÿ∑”„Àâ·∫§∑’‡√’¬°≈ÿà¡π’È¥◊ÈÕμàÕ¬“ ‡æ‘Ë¡§«“¡‰«¢Õß·∫§∑’‡√’¬μàÕ¬“ªØ‘™’«π– ‚¥¬
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ªØ‘™’«π–°≈ÿà¡ fluoroquinolones ‡ªìπμâπ ®“° Munoz-Price ·≈– Weinstein (2008) ‰¥â‡ πÕ
§«“¡ “¡“√∂¢Õß MDRp ´÷Ëß àߺ≈„À⇰‘¥°“√¥◊ÈÕ¬“ ·π–·π«∑“߉«â 6 ·π«∑“ß (√Ÿª∑’Ë 3¢) ‰¥â·°à (°) ¬—∫¬—Èß/