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OR-4

Determination of barakol contents of Senna siamea extracts and effect

on blood bilirubin

1 1
Tanit Padumanonda , Wandee Gritsanapan
1
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.

Rationale: Senna siamea (Lam.) Irwin et Barneby is a medicinal plant popularly used in Thailand. Young leaves
and/or young flowers of this plant have been consumed by Thai people as a Khi Lek curry for a long time.
Barakol, a major constituent of Senna siamea leaves was extensively studied and showed a convincing anxiolytic
activity. S. siamea leaves were once marketed in Thailand as an herbal drug for sleeping aid, available in capsule

dosage form containing 400 mg of S. siamea leaf powder. Unfortunately, it was later withdrawn from the market
due to hepatotoxicity.

Objective: To compare and evaluate the barakol content and the toxicity among various S. siamea leaf extracts
(prepared by closely copying the cooking process of Khi lek curry) and purified barakol.

Methodology: Fresh young leaves of S. siamea (6.0 kg) were collected and prepared the various extracts (filtrates
and marcs) were prepared by mimicking the cooking process of Khi Lek curry. Barakol content in each extract was
analyzed using TLC-Densitometer. The toxicity study was performed by administering barakol and barakol in

filtrates and marcs of S. siamea orally to Sprague Dawley rats. Blood samples of rats were collected for the
detection of the levels of blood chemical parameters including total bilirubin.

Results: Fresh young leaves of S. siamea contained 0.4035% w/w barakol. The contents of barakol in the first and
second filtrates were 0.2052 and 0.1079% fresh weight, while those in the first and second marcs were 0.1408 and
0.0414% fresh weight, respectively. According to clinical blood data from animal study, barakol, as a single

compound, showed an obvious result on the increase of total bilirubin level about 6 times compared to the controls.
The level of total bilirubin in rats treated with the extracts from S. siamea leaves (boiled two times with water) was
not different from the control group

Conclusion: The process of preparation of Khi lek curry by boiling S. siamea leaves 1-2 times was obviously
reduced the barakol content. Marcs (boiled leaves) from the second boiling which is the actual part consumed as

a Khi lek curry, has about 10 % w/w of total barakol compared to fresh leaves. The increase in the total bilirubin
level in animal study showed a dose-dependent relationship with barakol content in the extracts.