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620 วารสารการแพทย์แผนไทยและการแพทย์ ทางเลือก ปีที่ 21 ฉบับที่ 3 กันยายน-ธันวาคม 2566

[11]
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)-like investigating alpha-amylase . Two other
symptoms. “Khun-So-Pit-Ban-Na-Ruk’’ (Thai studies also examined the inhibitory effect
[5]
name), a traditional Thai doctor, documented of Kratom extract on alpha-glucosidase; nev-
four Kratom-containing remedies for treating ertheless, all prior investigations missed the
diarrheal or dysentery symptoms in a scripture examination of alpha-amylase inhibition [18-19] .

[6]
titled “Paet-Thai-Pan-Bo-Ran’’ (Thai word). Regarding phytochemicals constituents,
According to TTM theory, these anti-diarrheal previous researches have revealed the phy-
or anti-dysentery remedies are utilized to treat tochemical constituents of Kratom leaves

rotten pus, rotten phlegm, and rotten blood including alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids,
[5]
conditions. In local folk medicine, Kratom leaf saponins, and glycosides. The most prominent
has been utilized as single herb and ingredient of these compounds is the indole alkaloids, of

in remedy for various reasons, such as treating which mitragynine, is the major component
diarrhea or dysentery, muscle pain, hemor- with other minors such as 7-hydroxymitragy-

rhoids, acting as an antipsychotic, serving as nine, paynantheine, speciogynine, speciocil-
a substitute medication for opium addicts, and liatine [20-21] .
even enhancing labor performance. [7] Since the restrictions of Kratom has un-

Kratom has been investigated for its locked in Thailand, it has become increasingly
various pharmacological properties, includ- popular for people to use it as a medicine, based

[8-9]
[10]
ing analgesic activity , anti-oxidant , on their beliefs, such as for anti-diabetes, anti-
anti-diabetes [11-12] , anti-inflammation anti-de- hypertension. To clarify the scientific validity
[13]
[10]
pression [14-15] , antibacterial , antiproliferation of Kratom, this study aimed to investigate
[16]
[17]
activity and anti-Alzheimer’s desease . the enzymatic based biological activities of
Innok and colleagues demonstrated the mo- Kratom leaves extracts in relation to diabetes,
lecular docking and in vitro experiments on hypertension, and Alzheimer’s disease, using

mitragynine and Kratom extract to explore enzymatic assays, including alpha-glucosi-
AChE inhibition. They found that methanolic dase, alpha-amylase, angiotensin-I converting
Kratom extract and mitragynine exhibited enzyme (ACE), acetylcholinesterase (AChE),

[17]
significant in vitro anti-AChE activity . How- and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). The find-
ever, they did not explore BuChE inhibition. ings of this study demonstrated the potential

Limcharoen and co-workers reported the of Kratom in scientific manner and provided
potential inhibitory effects of Kratom extracts information for the development of Kratom as
on the alpha-glucosidase enzyme without a traditional medicine, dietary supplement or