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Abstract
Chemical Constituents and Anti-hyperlipidemic Activity of Garcinia cowa Leaves
†
†
Duangpen Pattamadilok* Somchit Niumsakul* Nanteetip Limpeanchob , Kornkanok Ingkaninan , Prapai
Wongsinkongman*
*Medicinal Plant Research Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi 11000
† Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000
The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical constituents and in vitro anti-hyperlipidemic activ-
ity of Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex DC. leaves (Family: Guttiferae). The ethanolic extract of G. cowa leaves inhib-
ited cholesterol absoption in Caco-2 and HMG CoA reductase with a percentage inhibition of 14.6 and 97.06
percent, respectively. It showed pancreatic lipase inhibitory effect at the IC 50 value of 196.60 μg/ml. Further
partition of the ethanolic extract of G. cowa leaves yielded hexane extract, dichloromethane extract, butanol
extract and water extract. The study revealed an interesting hypolipidemic effect of G. cowa leaf extracts. At
the concentration of 100 μg/ml, the hexane extract and dichloromethane extract inhibited cholesterol absoption
in Caco-2 at 36.74 and 32.80 percent inhibition, respectively. At the concentration of 10 μg/ml, the hexane
extract and the dichloromethane extract also inhibited HMG CoA reductase at 114.34 and 80.55 percent,
respectively. The hexane and dichloromethane extract of G. cowa leaves exhibited pancreatic lipase inhibitory
activity at the IC 50 values of 67.45 and 342.80 percent, respectively. Phytochemical study of the dichloromethane
extract of G. cowa leaves, using chromatographic techniques and structural determination of isolated com-
pounds by means of comparison of the NMR spectral data reported previously, showed that the dichloromethane
extract of G. cowa leaves consisted of two flavonoid C-glycosides, including vitexin and orientin, and β-sito-
sterol.
Key words: Garcinia cowa, anti-hyperlipidemic, chemical constituent, cholesterol uptake, pancreatic lipase,
HMG CoA reductase, vitexin, orientin