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ACE, and alpha-amylase. The findings from Health, Thailand. Funds have been used in
this study indicated the potential of Kratom ex- areas of experimentation, analysis, interpre-

tract as Alzheimer’s disease and anti-diabetes. tation of data. The funding body had no role
However, additional in vitro and in vivo assay in the design of the study or interpretation of
models, as well as clinical trials are required to the results.

establish conclusively the potential of Kratom
for use as a traditional medicine or dietary References
supplement. Furthermore, it is important to 1. Ngernsaengsaruay C, Leksungnoen N, Boonthasak W,

conduct further phytochemical studies, not Utharatsamee S, Racharak P, Leetanasakskul K, Pon-
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during product development. org/10.20531/tfb.2022.50.1.03
2. The Kratom Act B.E.2486 (1943, February 2). Government
Gazette. No. 7 Section 60. page 241–3. (in Thai)
Acknowledgements 3. The Narcotic Act B.E.2522 (1979, April 27). Government
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This research was supported by Depart-
4. The Narcotic Act B.E.2564 (2021, May 26). Government
ment of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Gazette. No. 138 Section 35A. page 1–3. (in Thai)

Health for providing necessary facilities and 5. The rehabilitation foundation for Thai traditional medi-
cine and Ayurved Thamrong School. Thai traditional
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We also appreciate to the Narcotic Control vative edition. Bangkok: Mahidol University; 2007. (in
Thai)
Office Region 9 to support the plant used in
6. Khun-So-Pit-Ban-Na-Ruk (Amphan Kittikhajorn). Paet-
this study. All the methods were carried out Thai-Pan-Bo-Ran, 1st ed. Bangkok: Priting Industry;

in accordance with relevant guidelines and 1961. (in Thai)
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Conflict of interest gesic indole alkaloids from the rubiaceous plant, Mi-
tragyna speciosa. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2004;52(8):
The authors declare that there is no 916–28.
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N, Ponglux D, Watanabe K. Antinociceptive effect of
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ment of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public oxidant and antibacterial activities of aqueous, metha-